RMD Calculator - IRS Table Withdrawal Estimate

An rmd calculator estimates the minimum withdrawal from an eligible retirement account. Use it to check a traditional IRA, compare an employer plan, or plan taxable cash flow. Enter the prior December 31 balance, not today's quote.

• • Check an IRA withdrawal: Use the prior-year-end balance and age for a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA.
• • Separate employer-plan cases: Choose traditional or Roth 401(k)/403(b), identify the employer status, and answer the work and ownership questions.
• • Estimate tax: Enter a marginal rate for a separate tax and after-tax illustration, not a complete return calculation.
• • Compare beneficiaries: Test the age-75 owner and age-64 sole-beneficiary spouse example; other qualifying pairs stay on the standard factor.

Required minimum distributions use the previous year-end balance and a life-expectancy divisor. This page covers original owners using 2025 IRS tables. Roth employer plans return not applicable, while a current plan for a still-working non-owner returns deferred pending plan confirmation. Roth IRAs and inherited accounts differ.

For a broader spending-horizon question beyond the statutory minimum, the Retirement Withdrawal Calculator models how a chosen withdrawal schedule affects retirement savings.

For traditional accounts, divide the prior December 31 balance by the IRS distribution period for your age. The calculator shows annual, monthly, percentage, and tax illustrations. Roth and qualifying still-working cases do not use this division.

• Prior December 31 balance: The account value on the last day of the preceding year.
• Distribution factor: The Uniform Lifetime Table divisor, or the 25.3 Joint and Last Survivor divisor for the supported age-75 owner and age-64 spouse example. Deferred and not-applicable cases show zero instead of an IRS factor.
• Marginal tax rate: An entered assumption used only to illustrate tax impact as RMD × rate.

IRS Publication 590-B (2025) uses a 73-year-old with a $38,400 prior-year balance and a 26.5 divisor, producing about $1,450. The age-75 factor is 24.6, so the percentage rises as the divisor falls.

For a Roth 401(k) or Roth 403(b), the calculator does not substitute a traditional formula. It returns zero, keeps the entered balance as the balance after RMD, and marks the lifetime result not applicable. For a current plan, still working, and not more than a 5% owner, it returns zero as deferred. The plan document and administrator decide whether that exception applies.

According to Internal Revenue Service, Publication 590-B (2025), an IRA owner generally divides the previous December 31 balance by the applicable distribution period, and the published 75-year-old owner/64-year-old spouse example uses a 25.3 divisor.

If you need to project the savings that may fund future distributions, the Retirement Savings Calculator shows contributions and growth before the RMD stage.

According to Internal Revenue Service, RMD FAQs, many owners begin RMDs at age 73, the first IRA distribution can generally be delayed until April 1 of the following year, and an uncorrected shortfall can face a 25% excise tax.

When retirement cash flow includes federal benefits as well as an account withdrawal, the Social Security Calculator can model the Social Security portion separately.

Use this rmd calculator with the account statement, plan status, and beneficiary designation, not today's market value. Run another case to compare assumptions.

1. 1 Read the account statement: Enter the value shown for December 31 of the preceding year. Use an account unless your method allows aggregation.
2. 2 Enter the owner's age: Enter the age reached in the distribution year. The page supports ages 73 through 120 and uses the age-specific factor.
3. 3 Choose the account context: Select traditional IRA, traditional or Roth 401(k)/403(b), SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA. Roth employer plans are not treated as traditional RMDs.
4. 4 Identify employer-plan facts: For a 401(k) or 403(b), choose current or former/non-current employer, state whether you still work there, and answer the more-than-5% owner question. Still working alone does not establish a deferral.
5. 5 Check the beneficiary condition: Select yes only when the spouse is the sole beneficiary, then enter age. Only the exact 75/64 pair uses the supported joint example.
6. 6 Review and verify: Add a marginal rate for tax illustrations, then compare the annual RMD, status, table, and balance with the custodian before arranging a withdrawal.

With a $500,000 balance and age 75, a traditional IRA uses the standard table. A Roth 401(k) shows not applicable. A current traditional 401(k) for a still-working non-owner shows deferred, while a more-than-5% owner receives the traditional estimate. Confirm with the plan.

To place this year's required withdrawal inside a complete retirement timeline, the Retirement Calculator combines savings, income, spending, and retirement-age assumptions.

Use this RMD calculator when discussing a withdrawal with a custodian or tax professional.

• • Uses the prior-year balance: The required account date is prominent, reducing substitution of today's balance.
• • Shows the divisor: Compare the annual amount with the IRS table and understand age changes.
• • Separates gross and tax: Annual RMD, estimated tax, and after-tax RMD stay separate.
• • Supports cash flow: The monthly equivalent helps compare the requirement with income and spending.
• • Separates plan cases: The account, employer status, work status, and owner threshold prevent a Roth or possible still-working exception from being presented as an ordinary traditional RMD.

Compare the standard case, spouse case, and tax assumption. Withholding, Medicare premiums, and charitable planning are outside this calculator.

If a pension will cover part of the household budget, the Pension Calculator estimates that defined-benefit income alongside the RMD cash-flow number.

The RMD calculator formula is short, but account and tax facts can change the amount to distribute.

• • This calculator estimates an original owner's traditional-account lifetime RMD; it excludes inherited accounts, Roth IRA lifetime-owner RMDs, annuities, and some plan exceptions.
• • Roth 401(k) and Roth 403(b) selections return “Not applicable — Roth employer plan” with zero RMD, tax, and factor values. Confirm the plan designation and distribution-year rules with the administrator.
• • A current employer plan marked still working and not more than a 5% owner returns “Deferred — still-working exception may apply.” Still working does not by itself qualify; a more-than-5% owner or former/non-current plan receives the traditional calculation.
• • The Joint and Last Survivor branch is limited to the IRS-published owner-age-75 and spouse-age-64 example. For other qualifying age pairs, the page deliberately retains the Uniform Lifetime factor and labels the joint case as unsupported; confirm the exact spouse worksheet before acting.
• • The tax result is not a tax return calculation and the page does not decide distribution deadlines, correction rules, state tax, withholding, Medicare effects, or QCD treatment.

According to Internal Revenue Service, Retirement topics — RMDs, a workplace-plan participant may generally delay an RMD until the later of reaching age 73 or retiring when the plan allows it, but the plan document can require an earlier distribution.

For a separate comparison with contract-based lifetime income, the Annuity Payout Calculator estimates annuity payout choices rather than an IRS-required withdrawal.